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IMAGES IN NEUROLOGY |
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| Year : 2014 | Volume
: 17
| Issue : 2 | Page : 207-208 |
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Unusual presentation of Sturge-Weber syndrome: Progressive megalencephaly with bilateral cutaneous and cortical involvement
Kundan Mittal1, Jaya Shankar Kaushik1, Gurpreet Kaur1, Mohd Aamir1, Suvasini Sharma2
1 Department of Pediatrics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Insititute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
2 Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| Date of Submission | 29-Jun-2013 |
| Date of Decision | 06-Oct-2013 |
| Date of Acceptance | 03-Dec-2013 |
| Date of Web Publication | 17-May-2014 |
Correspondence Address:
Jaya Shankar Kaushik
Department of Pediatrics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Insititute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana - 124 001
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.132633
 Abstract | | |
The Sturge Weber syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, seizures in infancy, unilateral cutaneous lesions with ipsilateral leptomeningeal enhancement. We report an unusual presentation of Sturge Weber syndrome with bilateral port wine nevus on the trunk and face along with bilateral cortical involvement in a developmentally normal child with progressive megalencephaly.
Keywords: Megalencephaly, port wine stain, Sturge Weber syndrome
How to cite this article:
Mittal K, Kaushik JS, Kaur G, Aamir M, Sharma S. Unusual presentation of Sturge-Weber syndrome: Progressive megalencephaly with bilateral cutaneous and cortical involvement. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014;17:207-8 |
How to cite this URL:
Mittal K, Kaushik JS, Kaur G, Aamir M, Sharma S. Unusual presentation of Sturge-Weber syndrome: Progressive megalencephaly with bilateral cutaneous and cortical involvement. Ann Indian Acad Neurol [serial online] 2014 [cited 2021 Feb 26];17:207-8. Available from: https://www.annalsofian.org/text.asp?2014/17/2/207/132633 |
| Images in Neurology | |  |
A 2-year-old developmentally normal right-handed male child presented with multiple episodes of generalized seizures. On examination, he was observed to have large head (>97 th centile) and bilateral dark-pigmented portwine stain over face, trunk, back, and arms [Figure 1]. There was no ocular evidence of glaucoma and there were no neurological deficits on examination with rest of the systemic examination being unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging brain [1.5 Tesla] [T1-weighted image] showed bilateral parietooccipital leptomeningeal enhancement along with hyperintensity in bilateral cortical sulci [Figure 2]. | Figure 1: Figure depicts portwine staining in both sides of face and trunk
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 | Figure 2: (a and b) Axial and coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance image shows marked gyriform enhancement in the bilateral temporooccipital lobe with more marked involvement on left side
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The Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by developmental delay, seizures in infancy, unilateral cutaneous lesions with ipsilateral leptomeningeal enhancement with an estimated incidence of 1 in 50,000 live birth. [1] Bilateral skin lesions occur in 20% cases, while bilateral cortical involvement has been reported in about 15% of cases and those with bilateral cortical lesions are associated with earlier onset seizure and poor neurodevelopmental outcome. [2],[3] We present an unusual bilateral SWS with late onset seizure and relatively good intellectual outcome.
Most specific finding in SWS is leptomeningeal enhancement. Other neuroimaging findings include gyriform calcification, atrophy of ipsilateral hemisphere with ipsilateral choroid plexus enlargement. [4] These findings are consistent with the present case but with bilateral representation. The existing literature has not laid emphasis on the association of macrocephaly with SWS. There was a case report of an infant with a Sturge-Weber variant syndrome who developed progressive megalencephaly and eventual hydrocephalus, which required shunting possibly owing to impaired venous return. [5]
Although the development of our child was normal till age of 2 year and the seizures were well-controlled, we believe that further follow-up could reveal some subtle intellectual deterioration or evolution of epilepsy as is expected in children with bilateral SWS. Particular care must be exercised to ensure prolonged follow-up of children with bilateral SWS. The present case report highlights unusual presentation of SWS which includes presence of bilateral portwine nevus on trunk and face, bilateral leptomeningeal enhancement, late onset seizures, normal development, and progressive megalencephaly.
| References | | |
| 1. | Thomas-Sohl KA, Vaslow DF, Maria BL. Sturge-Weber syndrome: A review. Pediatr Neurol 2004;30:303-10. 
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| 2. | Bodensteiner JB, Roach ES. Overview of Sturge-Weber syndrome. In: Roach E, Bodensteiner J, editors. Sturge-Weber Syndrome. New Jersey: The Sturge-Weber Foundation; Mt. Freedom; 2010. p. 19-32.
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| 3. | Bálint A, Chugani HT, Karia S, Behen ME, Juhász C. Clinical outcome in bilateral Sturge Weber syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2011;44:443-9.
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| 4. | Nakata Y, Yagishita A, Tsuchiya K. Imaging of Sturge-Weber syndrome: Cranial CT and MR findings. Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 2004;64:210-5.
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| 5. | Fishman MA, Baram TZ. Megalencephaly due to impaired cerebral venous return in a sturge-weber variant syndrome. J Child Neurol 1986;1:115-8.
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[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
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