Profiling cognitive impairment in mild COVID-19 patients: A case-control study at a secondary healthcare centre in the hilly region of North India

Sanat Kumar Khanna; Neelu Khanna; Manoj Kumar Malav; Himanshu Chhagan Bayad; Akshay Sood; Leena Abraham

doi:10.4103/aian.aian_543_22


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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2022 | Volume : 25 | Issue : 6 | Page : 1099-1103

Profiling cognitive impairment in mild COVID-19 patients: A case-control study at a secondary healthcare centre in the hilly region of North India

Sanat Kumar Khanna¹, Neelu Khanna², Manoj Kumar Malav³, Himanshu Chhagan Bayad⁴, Akshay Sood⁵, Leena Abraham²
¹ Department of Surgery, Military Hospital Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
² Department of Medicine, Military Hospital Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
³ Department of Neurology, SN Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
⁴ Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Military Hospital Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
⁵ Department of Emergency Medicine, Military Hospital Shimla, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

Correspondence Address:
Himanshu Chhagan Bayad
Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Military Hospital, Circular Road, Sanjauli, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_543_22

Context: COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a serious threat to humanity even after the last 2.5 years and multiple reported waves. Post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment has a detrimental effect on the quality of life, education, occupation, psychosocial as well as adaptive functioning and independence. Aims and Objective: Profiling the cognitive impairment in the mild COVID-19 recovered patients. Settings and Design: Interview-based case-control study. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at a secondary healthcare center in a hilly region of north India. Group A included mild COVID-19 recovered patients and Group B included local non-COVID healthy individuals. Both groups of participants were interviewed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to identify global and domain-wise cognitive impairment. Statistics Used: Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic and clinical variables. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate these results and statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 23) program. Results: A total of 284 individuals were enrolled in our study, equally split into Groups A (cases) and B (controls). No global cognitive decline was found in any participant. However, 40 cases scored low on MoCA. The decrease in domain-wise cognitive function was statistically significant for visuospatial skill/executive function and attention. Conclusion: Our results have demonstrated that there is domain-wise cognitive impairment associated with mild COVID-19 disease. We recommend lowering the threshold of the MoCA to identify the early cognitive impairment and the inclusion of detailed cognitive assessment in post-COVID-19 follow-ups to initiate early cognitive rehabilitation among these patients.

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