Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome - A neurologist's perspective Sumanth Shivaram1, Madhu Nagappa1, Doniparthi V Seshagiri1, Jayanth Shimoga Shanthakumar1, Swayang Sudha Panda1, Ravi Anadure1, BN Nandeesh2, Yasha T Chickabasaviah2, Rose D Bharath3, Joy Vijayan1, Bakula Kashyap4, Sanjib Sinha1, Arun B Taly1


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Vogt-koyanagi-harada syndrome - A neurologist's perspective Sumanth Shivaram¹, Madhu Nagappa¹, Doniparthi V Seshagiri¹, Jayanth Shimoga Shanthakumar¹, Swayang Sudha Panda¹, Ravi Anadure¹, BN Nandeesh², Yasha T Chickabasaviah², Rose D Bharath³, Joy Vijayan¹, Bakula Kashyap⁴, Sanjib Sinha¹, Arun B Taly¹ ¹ Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ² Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ³ Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ⁴ Kashyap Eye Clinic, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Correspondence Address: Sanjib Sinha, Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka India Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_405_20

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is an immune-mediated granulomatous disease which affects melanin-rich organs like eyes, skin, nervous system, and ears. Neurological and auditory manifestations usually precede the involvement of other sites. Patients may manifest with “complete” or “incomplete” syndrome. We report two patients who presented with acute headache and impaired vision. Fundus examination revealed optic disc hyperemia and exudative retinal detachment which provided a clue for the diagnosis at the bedside. Fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA) revealed abnormal dye leakage, whereas B scan showed choroid thickening. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis contrasted with unremarkable brain magnetic resonance imaging and lack of meningeal signs. Melanophagocytosis was evidenced by melanin-laden macrophages in CSF and skin biopsy. This finding is specific for VKH syndrome and helps to clinch the diagnosis even when the complete syndrome is not present cross-sectionally. VKH syndrome should be suspected in patients with aseptic meningitis if tests for common infectious and immune-mediated diseases are negative.

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    -  Shivaram S
    -  Nagappa M
    -  Seshagiri DV
    -  Shanthakumar JS
    -  Panda SS
    -  Anadure R
    -  Nandeesh B N
    -  Chickabasaviah YT
    -  Bharath RD
    -  Vijayan J
    -  Kashyap B
    -  Sinha S
    -  Taly AB

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