Users Online:
1931
Home
|
About the Journal
|
Instructions
|
Current Issue
|
Back Issues
|
Reader Login
Export selected to
Endnote
Reference Manager
Procite
Medlars Format
RefWorks Format
BibTex Format
Access statistics : Table of Contents
2020| May-June | Volume 23 | Issue 3
Online since
June 10, 2020
Archives
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Most popular articles
Most cited articles
Show all abstracts
Show selected abstracts
Export selected to
Viewed
PDF
Cited
AIAN REVIEW
Movement disorders in inherited metabolic diseases in children
Arushi Gahlot Saini, Suvasini Sharma
May-June 2020, 23(3):332-337
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_612_19
Movement disorders are one of the important neurological manifestations of inherited metabolic disorders. Important clues to the presence of an underlying inborn error of metabolism are early onset, presence of neuroregression or degeneration, parental consanguinity, sibling affection, paroxysmal events, waxing and waning course, skin or hair changes, absence of a perinatal insult or any structural cause, and presence of identifiable triggers. It is particularly important to recognize this class of movement disorders as several of them are eminently treatable and may often need disease-specific therapy besides symptomatic treatment. The current review focusses on the movement disorders associated with inherited metabolic defects in children, with emphasis on treatable disorders.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
3,678
175
-
COVID-19 and \ stroke: Incidental, triggered or causative
Rohit Bhatia, M V. Padma Srivastava
May-June 2020, 23(3):318-324
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_380_20
Stroke is a serious neurological complication observed during the ongoing COVID-19 (coronavirus associated disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome, corona virus 2) and includes both ischemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage. We reviewed factors that could potentially contribute to the occurrence of stroke among patients with COVID-19. There could be an interaction between the conventional risk factors of stroke, infection, systemic inflammatory response and plaque destabilisation. Inflammatory markers, D-dimer elevation and increased cytokine activity have all been observed in patients with COVID-19. Other probable contributing factors include cardiac injury leading to embolism, a prothrombotic state and a possibility of direct neuroinvasive potential causing vasculopathy. Data from stroke patients gathered in large multicentric cohorts could help shed more light on the occurrence, behaviour, aetiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers and outcomes of stroke occurring during the ongoing pandemic.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
3,131
196
-
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Impact of levodopa in lung functions in patients with Parkinson disease
Medha Tandon, Faiz M. H Ahmad, Subramanian Narayanan, Charu Mohan, Simone Yadav
May-June 2020, 23(3):338-341
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_88_19
Background:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder known primarily by its motor symptomatology. These motor manifestations are also hypothesised to affect the respiratory muscular function of PD patients contributing to restrictive pattern of ventilatory dysfunction. Previous reports attempting to detect these abnormalities through spirometric assessments have been inconclusive. Attempts at reversal of the restrictive abnormalities by levodopa therapy too, have yielded conflicting results.
Objectives:
This study aims to classify spirometric abnormalities in asymptomatic PD patients after levopopa withdrawal and document changes after levodopa replacement.
Methods:
Thirty-six non-smoker PD patients without pre-existing respiratory abnormalities were enrolled. Their standard spirometric values- FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC, were noted before and after their morning levodopa dose.
Results:
Nineteen patients had abnormal PFT values at baseline - 14 restrictive and 5 obstructive defects. Fourteen patients showed improvement in their pulmonary performances after dopamine administration with 6 showing complete reversibility. Statistically significant improvement in the post-levodopa FVC values was seen in patients with restrictive disorder (
P
value=0.04) but not for obstructive disorders.
Discussions:
This pilot study characterised that 39% of PD patients had restrictive ventilatory defects prior to morning dopamine administration. Of these, 40% showed improvement after levodopa administration.
Conclusion:
Restrictive defects are common in PD patients which are evident on routine spirometric screening. These defects are reversible on levodopa administration.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
2,886
357
1
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Deep white matter lesions with persistent diffusion restriction on MRI as a diagnostic clue: Neuroimaging of a turkish family with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids and literature review
Halil Onder, Kader Karli Oguz, Figen Soylemezoglu, Kubilay Varli
May-June 2020, 23(3):280-288
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_474_19
Background:
Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS), first described in 1984 is a rare disorder. Generally, it presents at adulthood with dementia, motor impairment, extrapyramidal abnormalities, and epilepsy. Definitive diagnosis is made by brain biopsy. Neuroimaging studies have revealed confluent white matter lesions predominantly in the frontal lobes, corpus callosum, and corticospinal tracts on conventional magnetic resonance imaging. Only a few reports showed diffusion restriction in the cerebral white matter; furthermore, rarer reports emphasized persistent foci of diffusion restriction as a diagnostic imaging marker.
Objective:
Herein, we have aimed to illustrate the first biopsy-proven Turkish HDLS pedigree consisting of 18 persons in 3 generations which contained 4 affected individuals.
Materials and Methods:
Four individuals in the pedigree of HDLS [two affected patients (patient III-1 and patient III-2) and two unaffected individuals (patient II-4 and patient III-5)] were investigated with conventional MRI and Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using 1.5 Tesla (T) scanner. All four individuals were evaluated via neurological examinations and Mini-Mental State Examination. Brain biopsy study was performed on patient III-2. Finally, an extensive literature review involving pathology investigations and neuroimaging studies of HDLS patients was conducted.
Results:
DWIs of two investigated patients showed deep white matter lesions with persistent diffusion restriction. Computed tomography imaging showed punctate mineralization in the lesions. Biopsy specimens of patient III-2 demonstrated axonal spheroids which were typical for HDLS.
Conclusions:
Via the presentation of our pedigree and literature review, we suggest HDSL as a first-line differential diagnosis in patients with undiagnosed adult-onset familial leukoencephalopathy, in particular, those with MRI lesions of frontal white matter and centrum semiovale associated with foci of diffusion restriction and mineralization. Finally, we think that the persistence of the diffusion restriction in deep white matter lesions should be kept in mind as a crucial neuroimaging sign for HDLS.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
2,589
88
1
CASE REPORTS
New injection points of onabotulinum toxin a for spastic paralysis of the fingers: Eight cases of report
Shoko Merrit Yamada, Shinnosuke Takashima, Yoshiro Takaoka, Hiroshi Matsuura
May-June 2020, 23(3):344-347
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_360_18
Objective:
Onabotulinum toxin A (botulinum A toxin) is utilized to extend flexed extremities in spastic hemiparesis. Injection points are important to obtain a better effect. Injecting botulinum A toxin into the forearm muscles is a standard method for flexed wrist and fingers; however, we developed new injection points in the intrinsic muscles of the hand to acquire more reliable effect.
Methods:
The authors injected botulinum A toxin into the palmar side of the proximal and middle phalanx of each finger and thenar muscles. Eight patients with poststroke flexed wrist and fingers were treated by this method.
Results:
In all patients, the spasticity improved to 0 or 1 from 3 or 4 in Modified Modified Ashworth Scale 1 month after the treatment. They were satisfied with our treatment because they could keep their affected fingers hygienic by washing fingers cleanly after the treatment.
Conclusions:
Our botulinum A toxin injection points for finger spastic paralysis are accurate spots producing great effect to flexed fingers.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,416
85
-
EDITORIAL COMMENTARY
Intracranial atherosclerosis disease: A preventable epidemic
Majaz Moonis
May-June 2020, 23(3):246-247
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_82_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,298
123
-
Perplexing perspectives of ICAD
M. V. P. Srivastava
May-June 2020, 23(3):245-245
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_3_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,155
147
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Hydroxychloroquine and myasthenia gravis-can one take this risk?
Arunmozhimaran Elavarasi, Vinay Goyal
May-June 2020, 23(3):360-361
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_363_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,115
154
-
IMAGES IN NEUROLOGY
Facial myokymia due to a pontine inflammatory demyelinating disorder associated with mixed connective tissue disorder [MCTD]
Boby Varkey Maramattom
May-June 2020, 23(3):355-355
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_590_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,174
85
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Acute onset vision loss as a presenting manifestation of carcinoma lung
Divya M Radhakrishnan, Yeswanth Gogisetti, Niraj Kumar, Augustine Jose, Ritu Shree
May-June 2020, 23(3):407-409
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_82_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,917
333
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Sural radial amplitude ratio: A study in healthy Indian subjects
Khushnuma Mansukhani, Mayura Dhonde, Aarthika Sreenivasan, Alika Sharma, Lajita Balakrishnan, Priyanka Chavan
May-June 2020, 23(3):255-260
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_321_20
Context:
The amplitude ratio of sural radial sensory nerve action potential is used as a sensitive measure for the diagnosis of an early distal axonal peripheral neuropathy. There is no age-stratified reference data available.
Aim:
To establish age-stratified sural radial amplitude ratio (SRAR) reference data in healthy Indian subjects.
Study Setting and Design:
The study was conducted in the electrodiagnostic laboratory of a tertiary city hospital and is an analytical, prospective, and field trial study.
Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted on 146 healthy volunteers between 18 and 86 years, stratified into 6 groups, a = 18–30 years, b = 31–40 years, c = 41–50 years, d = 51–60 years, e = 61–70 years, and f = >70 years. Sural: Radial amplitude ratio was calculated.
Statistical Methods:
Stata 12.1 statistical program was used. Lower limit of SRAR was obtained (mean-2SD of transformed data). ANOVA defined the intergroup variability, and linear regression and Pearson's correlation assessed the statistical significance.
Results:
The lower limit of normal SRAR, for each age group is as follows: a: 0.30, b: 0.23, c: 0.20, d: 0.17, e: 0.17, and f: 0.08. SRAR of groups a, b, c was significantly different from groups e and f. Similarly, SRAR was significantly different between groups d and f but not between groups d and e or a, b, c, d.
Conclusion:
This study provides age-stratified reference data for SRAR. There is evidence to suggest that SRAR varies with age; hence, a single value of SRAR should not be used when diagnosing a peripheral neuropathy based on this criterion.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,114
130
-
AIAN REVIEW
Vitamin-responsive movement disorders in children
Vishal Sondhi, Suvasini Sharma
May-June 2020, 23(3):325-331
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_678_19
Movement disorders in childhood comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions that lead to impairment of voluntary movement, abnormal postures, or inserted involuntary movements. Movement disorders in children are frequently caused by metabolic disorders, both inherited and acquired. Many of these respond to vitamin supplementation. Examples include infantile tremor syndrome, biotinidase deficiency, biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, cerebral folate deficiency, and cobalamin metabolism defects. Recognition of these disorders by pediatricians and neurologists is imperative as they are easily treated by vitamin supplementation. In this review, we discuss vitamin-responsive movement disorders in children.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,089
139
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
COVID-19 pandemic: The concerns of pediatric neurologists
Arushi G Saini, Renu Suthar
May-June 2020, 23(3):358-359
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_407_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,019
114
-
Dysarthria, ataxia, and dystonia associated with COX20 (
FAM36A
) gene mutation: A case report of a Turkish child
Duygu G Ozcanyuz, Faruk Incecik, Ozlem M Herguner, Neslihan O Mungan, Sevcan T Bozdogan
May-June 2020, 23(3):399-401
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_536_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,018
85
-
Reversible focal neuromyotonia in SLE
Boby Varkey Maramattom
May-June 2020, 23(3):364-365
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_562_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
2,021
79
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Prevalence of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease and its impact on quality of life in tertiary care center in India
Madhavi Karri, Balakrishnan Ramasamy, Ramadoss Kalidoss
May-June 2020, 23(3):270-274
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_10_19
Context:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by traditional motor features. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are also seen in PD, which inevitably emerge through the disease progression and are often under-recognized and untargeted.
Aims:
We studied the prevalence of NMS in PD and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study from January 2017 to July 2017 of PD patients (
n
= 100) was done. NMS and HRQoL are measured using NMS scoring scale; PD questionnaire-39 and Hoehn and Yahr scale, respectively. Motor symptoms were assessed using scales for outcome in Parkinson's disease (SCoPA) - motor scoring scale.
Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics calculated for NMS' prevalence. Continuous variables were assessed by two-tailed t-test and discrete and categorical variables by chi-square test. Multiple linear regression analysis was done among scoring scales to identify the influence on 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) scoring scale. All statistical data collected are analyzed with SSPS software version- 20 for windows.
Results:
In 100 study population, 66 were males and 34 females. The mean age was 68.35 years and median onset of duration of PD was 3.49 with 64.6% on treatment. Fatigue, pain, and lightheadedness were more prevalent NMS with 78%, 75%, and 69%, respectively. With regression analysis, strongest predictor was NMSS score (
P
= 0.000), with each unit increase, it is associated with nearly 0.65 increase in PDQ-39 score.
Conclusion:
Though motor symptoms define the disease, NMS have a larger impact on HRQoL in PD and on caregiver's life. Understanding the pattern and effect of NMS is needed for targeted treatment strategies.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,947
121
1
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
An unusual presentation of cerebellar ataxia with bilateral vestibulopathy syndrome: A case report
Anu Alex, Anjali Lepcha, Ann M Augustine, Ajay Philip
May-June 2020, 23(3):393-395
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_601_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,938
71
-
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of charlevoix-saguenay (ARSACS): Case report of a novel nonsense mutation in the
SACS
gene
Ayush Agarwal, Divyani Garg, Akash Kharat, Abdul Qavi
May-June 2020, 23(3):395-397
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_670_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,912
78
2
COMMENTARY
A need for tailored approach for patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Mahesh P Kate, Ashfaq Shuaib
May-June 2020, 23(3):253-254
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_623_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,743
245
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Ipsilesional torsional nystagmus in midbrain infarction: A rare entity of localizing value
Divyani Garg, Ankit Gupta, Rajinder K Dhamija
May-June 2020, 23(3):378-379
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_646_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,884
79
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Normative data for cortical evoked response audiometry of a heterogeneous Indian population and its comparison with behavioral audiometry
Priyanka Misale, Anjali Lepcha, Philip Thomas, Swapna Sebastian, Tunny Sebastian
May-June 2020, 23(3):296-302
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_397_18
Objective:
The objective of the study is to establish normative values of cortical evoked response audiometry (CERA) in a heterogeneous Indian population and correlate CERA threshold with pure tone audiometric (PTA) threshold values.
Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was carried out on 31 volunteers (
n
= 62) who had no otological or neurological complaints. Two study groups were formed; Group 1 with individuals from 20 to 40 years (mean age of 29.1 years) and Group 2 with individuals from 41 to 60 years (mean age of 46.2 years). The latencies and amplitudes of the waves of P1, N1, and P2 at threshold and 70 dBnHL were measured.
Results:
Twenty-nine participants (94% of the ears) had CERA threshold within 20 dB of true behavioral threshold with only 6% having a difference of >20 dB with their PTA thresholds. There was a significant difference (
P
< 0.05) at 70 dB in amplitudes for waves P1, N1, and P2 at 2 kHz and additionally at 1 kHz for N1 between the two groups.
Conclusion:
Normative values for CERA in a heterogeneous Indian population at 70 dB nHL using tone burst stimulus was found to have an average latency of 46.5, 90.1, and 155.5 ms for P1, N1, and P2, respectively. The average amplitude of P1 at 70 dB nHL was 4.3 μV, N1, was 6.5 μV and P2 was 3.2 μV. Hearing threshold obtained with CERA gave a good indication of the actual behavioral hearing threshold of the normal controls, and the age of an individual had a significant effect on the values obtained during CERA testing with N1 being significantly larger at 1 kHz and 2 kHz in older adults when compared to young adults.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,878
66
-
Comparison of risk factors, treatment, and outcome in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease in India and the United States
Udit Saraf, Shyam Prabhakaran, K Arun, Ahmed Babiker, Adithyan Rajendran, Chandrasekharan Kesavadas, PN Sylaja
May-June 2020, 23(3):265-269
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_549_19
Background and Aims:
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is common in the Asian population, but less studied in South Asians compared to East Asians. We compared risk factors, treatments, and outcomes among consecutive patients with symptomatic ICAD from India with a mixed-ethnic cohort from Chicago, Illinois.
Methods:
Consecutive patients with symptomatic ICAD were enrolled at 2 academic medical centers in Kerala, India and Chicago, United States. Data on demographics, risk factors, initial stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score [NIHSS]), recurrent stroke, and 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) were prospectively collected. Recurrent stroke was defined as symptomatic recurrence of focal neurologic deficits associated with radiographic evidence of new cerebral infarction within 3 months of index admission.
Results:
329 patients (117 from Kerala, 212 from Chicago) were included. Indian patients were younger (61 vs. 68,
P
< 0.001), less frequently had prior stroke history (15.4 vs. 32.5%,
P
= 0.001) and coronary artery disease (11.1 vs. 22.2%,
P
= 0.013) but had higher initial NIHSS score (median 6 vs. 3,
P
< 0.001). Both groups received reperfusion therapy in similar proportions (8.5 vs. 7.1%,
P
= 0.630) but at discharge, 90.6% of Indian patients compared to 59.0% of Chicago patients were treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. More recurrent strokes occurred in Chicago patients (21.7 vs. 1.9%,
P
< 0.001) but functional outcome did not differ significantly.
Conclusion:
Compared to patients in US with symptomatic ICAD, Indian patients were younger and had more severe strokes. However, Indian patients had lower rates of recurrent stroke, perhaps due to greater use of dual antiplatelet therapy.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,801
130
-
CASE REPORTS
Case series of creatine deficiency syndrome due to guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency
Vinu Narayan, Sunita Bijarnia Mahay, Ishwar Chander Verma, Ratna Dua Puri
May-June 2020, 23(3):347-351
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_367_18
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency is the second most common defect in the creatine metabolism pathway resulting in cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome (CCDS). We report three patients from two unrelated families, diagnosed with GAMT deficiency on next-generation sequencing. All the probands had happy predisposition as a predominant manifestation in addition to the reported features of global developmental delay, seizures, and microcephaly. This further expands the phenotype of CCDS. The workup for creatine deficiency disorder should be included in the diagnostic algorithm for children with nonsyndromic intellectual disability, especially in those with a happy demeanor. These cases exemplify the utility of magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in the workup of nonsyndromic intellectual disability to diagnose a potentially treatable disorder. In addition, documentation of low serum creatinine may be supportive. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for better prognosis.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,818
81
1
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Shaken not stirred: A pilot study testing a gyroscopic spoon stabilization device in Parkinson's disease and tremor
Lauren E Ryden, Elie Matar, Jennifer Y. Y Szeto, Deborah A Hammond, Paul Clouston, Simon J. G Lewis
May-June 2020, 23(3):409-411
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_251_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,840
53
-
LIGHTER MOMENTS
Salam to the techie
Ajith Cherian
May-June 2020, 23(3):357-357
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_509_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,794
73
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Clinical profile and outcome of brain abscess in children from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Rajniti Prasad, John Biswas, Kulwant Singh, Om P Mishra, Ankur Singh
May-June 2020, 23(3):303-307
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_425_19
Background and Aims:
Brain abscess is a serious and dreadful disease presenting at tertiary centre. The objective of this study was to look into the clinical profile, predisposing conditions, microbiology and outcome of children suffering from brain abscess.
Methods:
30 children up to 18 years with clinical and imaging evidence of brain abscess were taken for study. Patients were stabilized as per unit protocol. Necessary investigations were carried out. Neuroimaging (CT or MRI) was used to confirm the diagnosis. All parameters (clinical, investigation, outcome) were recorded in predesigned performa. Neurosurgery consultation was sought in patients with multiple abscesses, posterior fossa abscesses, abscess with air-fluid level and causing midline shift.
Results:
There were 16 males with 13 patients in age group (5-10 years). Mean duration of stay in hospital was 14.8 days. Most common predisposing factor was chronic suppurative otitis media (n-15). Typically, patients presented with fever, headache and seizures. On examination, motor deficits were the most common followed by signs of meningitis. Computerized tomography confirmed the diagnosis in most cases. Temporal lobe (n-11) was the commonest intracranial site for the abscess.
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus
and
proteus mirabilis
were the common pathogen isolated from blood and pus. Blood culture positivity rate was 16.7% and pus culture positivity rate was 25%. All cases were managed with intravenous antibiotics and aspiration (n-10) and excision (n-6). There were 5 deaths. There was complete immediate recovery in 13 cases with residual motor deficit in 12 cases.
Conclusion:
Brain abscess is a rare but serious entity in children. Late diagnosis and improper management leads to poor outcome. Early surgical intervention is helpful. Threshold for diagnosis should be low in children with chronic ear infection and congenital heart diseases.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,773
84
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Vitamin E deficiency: An under-recognized cause of dystonia and ataxia syndrome
Harsh V Gupta, Steven Swank, Vibhash D Sharma
May-June 2020, 23(3):372-374
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_29_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,776
79
1
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency, a cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome: A rare treatable metabolic disorder
Sangeetha Yoganathan, Gautham Arunachal, Lisa Kratz, Mugil Varman, Sniya Valsa Sudhakar, Samuel Philip Oommen, Shikha Jain, Maya Thomas, Manimegalai Babuji
May-June 2020, 23(3):419-421
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_172_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,756
89
1
A syndrome of progressive ataxia and palatal tremor (PAPT) in a patient with hypertrophic olivary degeneration
Ismail Ibrahim Ismail, John K John, Jasem Y Al-Hashel
May-June 2020, 23(3):381-383
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_170_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,746
61
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Intracerebral hemorrhage and SARS-CoV-2: Association or causation
Ayush Agarwal, Venugopalan Y Vishnu, Deepti Vibha, Rohit Bhatia, Anu Gupta, Animesh Das, M V. Padma Srivastava
May-June 2020, 23(3):261-264
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_362_20
Background:
Recent respiratory infection including SARS-CoV-2 is an independent risk factor for acute cerebrovascular disease.
Purpose:
There have been reports linking haemorrhagic strokes to SARS-CoV-2 infection during this pandemic, which lead us to evaluate if SARS-CoV-2 infection could be associated with increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).
Methods:
A retrospective observational study evaluating all stroke cases admitted in our centre in the past one month.
Results:
More than half (56%) had ICH, compared to 22% last year. Two patients with ICH were SARS-CoV-2 positive and they had no or mild respiratory symptoms and had higher occurrence of renal dysfunction.
Conclusion:
There could be possible association between ICH and SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, a prospective study with larger sample size is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,648
151
-
Relation between the novel marker monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and severity in multiple sclerosis
Ersin Kasim Ulusoy, Ömer Faruk Bolattürk, Mehmet Fatih Göl
May-June 2020, 23(3):275-279
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_249_19
Introduction:
This study aimed to establish whether there is a relationship between the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) and severity of disease, and whether it can be used as a new marker for predicting disability in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic disease, which is usually contracted in early adolescence.
Methods:
184 patient subjects who had been definitively diagnosed with MS, based on the McDonald criteria, and 105 healthy subjects with a similar age and gender profile were included in the study. The patients' Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, MS subtypes, length of time with the disease and demographics were captured. Blood samples were collected for hematologic and biochemical testing. The MHR values were calculated and statistically compared with those of the control group.
Results:
The average age of the MS patients was 38.3 ± 8.6 years and their average EDSS score was 2.5 [0-7.5]. The patient arm consisted of 118 (64.1%) females and 66 (35.9%) males. In the patients with MS, the MHR was 15.01 ± 0.63 compared to 9.61 ± 0.25 in the controls. This difference was statistically significant (
P
< 0.001). In the MS patients, the MHR cut-off value was 12.95 compared to controls, which was statistically significant (
P
< 0.001). Also, a statistically-significant (r: 0.297,
P
< 0.001) positive correlation was found between the MHR and EDSS score.
Conclusion:
The Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ratio is associated with disease severity and disability in MS patients, and may be used as an independent marker for predicting disability. However, broader-scale studies are needed for more conclusive results.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,697
64
2
VIEW POINT
Border zones of evidence: How non-evidence based factors influence evidence generation and clinical practice in stroke medicine
PR Srijithesh, Shakir Husain
May-June 2020, 23(3):249-252
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_15_20
The interpretation of the results of clinical trials should be done by examining the finer prints of extraneous factors such as stopping rules, interim analysis, intricacies of patient selection, and the rationale of decisions that lead to non-prespecified termination. This can be done only by critical education in the art and science of interpretation of evidence emerging from clinical trials. The pioneering pivotal studies, namely, NINDS rtPA and ECASS III trials, hold disproportionate influence in determining the contours of the subsequent fate of clinical trials and treatment guidelines. It needs to be recognized that the pooling of studies using dissimilar trial designs, notwithstanding similar patient profiles, would undermine the positive signal emerging from the studies that have used better selection methodologies to homogenize the study population.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,665
84
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 - continually evolving and perplexing
Pranav Ish, Kirti Sachdev, Sumita Agrawal, Nitesh Gupta
May-June 2020, 23(3):361-362
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_324_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,555
183
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Palliative care needs and care giver burden in neurodegenerative diseases: A cross sectional study
Zacharias Lithin, Priya T Thomas, G Manjusha Warrier, Adhin Bhaskar, Saraswathi Nashi, Seena Vengalil, Kiran Polavarapu, Preethish Kumar, Ravi Yadav, Suvarna Alladi, Nalini Atchayaram, Pramod K Pal
May-June 2020, 23(3):313-317
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_304_19
Background and Aims:
Palliative care is an important area of intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between Palliative Care Needs and Caregiver Burden among persons diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was adopted to explore the research problem. A prospective sample of 120 participants (60 Patient Caregiver dyads) of Motor Neurone Disease (MND) and Parkinson's disease (PD) were recruited for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from a quaternary referral care centre for neurology in south India. Patients seeking care were recruited for the study consecutively. Palliative care outcome scale and Zarit Burden Interview scale were administered to understand the relationship.
Results:
It was found that Palliative care outcomes score was positively correlated with caregiver burden (r = 0.597), showing that there is a bi-directional relationship between palliative care needs and caregiver burden.
Conclusion:
Irrespective of the differences in illness characteristics, the study found that palliative care needs are high among chronic neurological conditions which requires a noncategorical psychosocial approach in ensuring care.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,643
88
-
CASE REPORTS
Acute flaccid quadriplegic myopathy and encephalopathy with extensive muscle magnetic resonance imaging changes in thyroid storm
Boby Varkey Maramattom, Nibu Dominic, Surya Joseph
May-June 2020, 23(3):342-344
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_358_18
Thyroid storm (TS) is a rare hyperthyroidism associated multisystem decompensation and can mimic a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. It is diagnosed in the presence of fever with cardiovascular, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal complications. Only a few reports of acute flaccid quadriplegic thyrotoxic myopathy (TM) with TS have been reported. However, muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in TM have not been yet been reported. Our patient underwent muscle MRI and showed some unusual features. These are discussed in this article.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,518
95
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Opercular syndrome presenting as trismus: An interesting finding
Maneesh Shakywar, Kanchana Pillai, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Anuj Prabhakar, Deepa Dash, Rohit Bhatia, Manjari Tripathi
May-June 2020, 23(3):417-418
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_227_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,500
91
-
EDITORIAL COMMENTARY
Vitamin responsive movement disorders in children
Sujith Ovallath
May-June 2020, 23(3):248-248
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_107_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,465
113
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Toxic optic neuropathy: A rare but serious side effect of chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin
Divya M Radhakrishnan, Ramanuj Samanta, Rajat Manchanda, Sweety Kumari, Ritu Shree, Niraj Kumar
May-June 2020, 23(3):413-415
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_339_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,501
69
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Parkinsonian and cerebellar phenotypes of probable MSA: An insight in to prognostic factors based on autonomic functions
Malligurki Raghurama Rukmani, Ravi Yadav, Binukumar Bhaskarapillai, Pramod Kumar Pal, Talakad N Sathyaprabha
May-June 2020, 23(3):289-295
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_34_19
Background:
Multiple system atrophy is an adult-onset, sporadic, neurodegenerative disorder with parkinsonian (MSA-P) and cerebellar (MSA-C) subtypes.
Objective:
We aimed to elucidate differences in prognostic factors between MSA subtypes.
Methods:
The study population comprised 45 probable MSA patients (MSA-P = 22; MSA-C = 23) and 45 healthy controls. Clinical parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), and conventional cardiac autonomic function testing (AFT) were the study tools.
Results:
Mean age of onset of MSA was 54.7 ± 9 years for MSA-P and 51.9 ± 7 years for MSA-C subgroups. Median disease duration was 2 years in both subgroups. A greater percentage of MSA-P patients (45.5%) had beneficial response to levodopa (
P
< 0.01). Patients in both subgroups reported significant autonomic disturbances, such as postural symptoms, bladder disturbances, and erectile dysfunction. MSA-P patients had a trend for a greater number of falls and bladder disturbances than MSA-C patients (
P
= 0.05). Cardiac AFT showed that in MSA-P, 22.2% had definitive and 77.7% had severe autonomic dysfunction, whereas in MSA-C, 9.5% had early, 28.5% had definitive, and 57.1% had severe autonomic dysfunction. HRV analysis showed significant reduction in overall HRV, sympathetic activity, and parasympathetic activity in MSA patients as compared with controls (
P
< 0.0001). The sympathetic limb was more severely affected in MSA-P patients as compared with MSA-C patients (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion:
Autonomic dysfunction and postural instability, negative prognostic markers, were relatively more common in the MSA-P than in the MSA-C patients. This implies that MSA-P patients have poorer prognosis as compared with MSA-C. Dopaminergic medications can be beneficial in MSA-P patients.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,416
71
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
CAPOS syndrome: A rare ATP1A3-related disorder
Indar K Sharawat, Ananthanarayanan Kasinathan, Renu Suthar, Naveen Sankhyan
May-June 2020, 23(3):397-398
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_41_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,412
64
-
CASE REPORTS
Classic imaging features of L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in young adult presenting as seizures associated with fever
Suresh Kumar, Shikha Bhatia, Mukesh Surya, Sanjiv Sharma
May-June 2020, 23(3):352-354
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_385_18
L-2 Hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a rare metabolic disorder which is autosomal recessive in inheritance. It is characterised by the increased urinary excretion of L-2 hydroxyglutaric acid and the diagnosis is based on the increased levels of the L-2 hydroxy glutaric acid in the urine, serum & CSF. This is a neurometabolic disorder which is associated with slowly progressive psychomotor delay since childhood. We report a case of an 18 –year old female who presented at the emergency department with seizures, fever and on imaging show classic features.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,346
85
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
May PEHO syndrome be a clinical entity associated with early onset encephalopathies?
Arzu Ekici, lyas Yilmaz, Orhan Görükmez, Cengiz Gökhan Orcan, Sevil Dorum
May-June 2020, 23(3):401-403
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_331_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,376
53
-
Subacute sclerosing panencephalits mimicking anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Shilpa Devamare, Kavish Ihtisham, Himani Bhasin, Vikram Bhasker, Suvasini Sharma, Manjari Tripathi
May-June 2020, 23(3):411-413
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_184_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,346
82
1
A case of genetically confirmed chorea-acanthocytosis: Brain [
18
F]FDG-PET and [
18
F]FP-CIT-PET findings
Jong-Mok Lee, Chae Moon Hong, Ho-Sung Ryu
May-June 2020, 23(3):369-371
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_417_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,344
63
-
Opsoclonus in scrub typhus
Divyani Garg, Rajinder K Dhamija
May-June 2020, 23(3):367-367
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_230_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
1,315
91
1
SACS
mutation-positive autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of charlevoix saguenay (ARSACS) from Kerala
S Sheetal, S Amith Kumar, P Byju
May-June 2020, 23(3):374-376
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_16_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,302
95
-
Early onset dementia in ataxia associated with ocular apraxia type 1 (AOA1)
Anastasiou I Aikaterini, Georgios I Papagiannis, Kontoangelos A Konstantinos, Konstantina G Yiannopoulou
May-June 2020, 23(3):391-392
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_507_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,248
117
-
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
The effect of dual tasking and deep brain stimulation frequency parameters on gait in advanced Parkinson's disease
Swetha Tandra, Rukmini M Kandadai, Ravi P Peddisetty, KJ Babu, T Surya Prabha, SA Jabeen, AK Meena, Rupam Borgohain
May-June 2020, 23(3):308-312
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_11_19
Objective:
To study the effect of dual tasking and deep brain stimulation frequency parameters on gait in advanced Parkinson's disease
Materials and Methods:
This is an open label interventional study evaluating 40 post STN-DBS patients with gait disturbances. All patients were diagnosed as PD by a movement disorder specialist using the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank (UKPDSBB) criteria. Patients underwent bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation by a qualified neurosurgeon. Patients were managed on a combination of dopamine replacement therapy as well as deep brain stimulation. Patients were assessed by stand walk sit (SWS) test for a 5 meter distance and FOG scoring during medication 'ON' state and device “ON” state, at four frequencies 180, 130, 90, 60 HZ and device “OFF” state.
Results:
Out of 40 patients, 38 patients showed a significant improvement in gait at a single frequency (best response frequency) which is different for each patient. The mean FOG score showed significant improvement at all stimulation frequencies when compared to OFF stimulation (
P
< 0.05). The mean number of steps was 18.9 at best response frequency and 21.48 at 130 Hz (
P
< 0.0001). Number of freezing episodes also were significantly less with best frequency when compared to 130 Hz stimulation (0.28 and 0.65 respectively, (
P
< 0.0001). The mean FOG score was 6.45 at best frequency and 9.48 at 130 Hz (
P
< 0.0001). Mean Dual tasking score was 3.53 at best frequency and 5.15 at 130 Hz (
P
< 0.0002).
Conclusion:
Optimization of frequency setting for each patient can improve gait and that each patient may have a different optimal frequency.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,292
72
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Sphenoid sinusitis as a possible cause of trismus
Jong-Mok Lee, Myong H Hahm, Ho-Sung Ryu, Yang-Ha Hwang
May-June 2020, 23(3):387-389
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_441_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,302
60
-
Left-hand motor stereotypy in vitamin B12 deficiency: Expanding the spectrum of infantile tremor syndrome
Karanvir, Divyani Garg, Suvasini Sharma, Sanjay Pandey
May-June 2020, 23(3):389-390
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_63_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,263
96
-
Levofloxacin-induced myoclonus and encephalopathy
V Abhinay S. K Reddy, Gaurav K Mittal, Shilpa Sekhar, Jennifer Singhdev, Rakesh Mishra
May-June 2020, 23(3):405-407
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_429_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,278
79
-
Looking beyond the fog—apomorphine demystified
LK Prashanth, R Jayachandran, S Ragavendra, Rajesh B Iyer
May-June 2020, 23(3):363-364
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_19_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,261
69
-
IMAGES IN NEUROLOGY
Spinal segmental myoclonus presented as unilateral rotating scapula
Suman Kushwaha, Akhila Kumar Panda, Aldrin Anthony, Sandeep Singh, Dyutima Madan, Siddharth Maheshwari
May-June 2020, 23(3):356-356
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_208_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,232
83
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Hyperargininemia presenting as intermittent ataxia and cerebellar atrophy
Leema P Cornelius, Vivekasaravanan Raju, Asir Julin
May-June 2020, 23(3):380-381
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_130_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,197
66
-
Hereditary spastic paraplegia with mental impairment, thin corpus callosum and amyotrophy: A road map to SPG11 contributors
Divya Goel, CM Sharma, BL Kumawat
May-June 2020, 23(3):384-386
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_385_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,153
59
-
Apomorphine in Parkinson's disease—The questions raised
Rajinder K Dhamija, Achal K Srivastava, Divyani Garg
May-June 2020, 23(3):377-378
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_11_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,122
70
-
Familial spastic paraparesis: A novel mutation in a 4-year-old girl
Bhanudeep Singanamalla, Shivan Kesavan, Arushi G Saini
May-June 2020, 23(3):386-387
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_424_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,109
59
-
OBITUARY
Prof. Meena Angamuthu Kanikannan
Neeharika L Mathukumali, Swetha R Tandra, Sireesha Yareeda, Rukmini M Kandadai, Padmaja Gaddamanugu, Suryaprabha Turaga, Shaik A Jabeen, Rupam Borgohain
May-June 2020, 23(3):422-423
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_187_20
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
1,014
109
-
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Lithium-induced lingual dystonia
Ramesh Aggarwal, Divyani Garg, Rajinder K Dhamija
May-June 2020, 23(3):383-384
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_369_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
977
73
-
Tremor in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration: Beyond intention tremor
Harsh V Gupta, Abhishek Lenka
May-June 2020, 23(3):368-369
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_392_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
971
75
-
POLG1
-related mitochondrial disorder with MNGIE- and leigh-like features
Josef Finsterer
May-June 2020, 23(3):365-366
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_438_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
948
69
-
Ataxia as forme fruste of opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome
Sumeet R Dhawan, Indar Kumar Sharawat, Renu Suthar, Deepak Bansal, Prema Menon, Bishan D Radotra, Anmol Bhatia
May-June 2020, 23(3):415-417
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_111_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
926
58
-
Age-stratified normative cognitive scores in urban and rural populations: A community-based study
Uma Sundar, Ameeta Mukhopadhyay, Nilesh Shah, Balkrishna Adsul
May-June 2020, 23(3):403-405
DOI
:10.4103/aian.AIAN_351_19
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
905
58
-
About this journal
Editorial Board
Online Submission
Current Issue
Archives
Ahead of print
Instructions to Authors
Subscription
Alerting
Feedback
About us
|
Contact us
|
Ahead Of Print
|
Online Submission
|
Sitemap
|
Advertise
|
What's New
|
Feedback
|
Disclaimer
|
Privacy Notice
© 2006 - Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
Medknow
Online since 1
st
March, 2006